AIWF is proud to share the recording of our final virtual panel session for the 2021 Programme, ‘Building Resilience in the MENA Workplace’...
AIWF network invited to apply for Masdar’s Women in Sustainability, Environment and Renewable Energy (WiSER) Pioneers Program 2022
WiSER, cordially invites AIWF female network, aged 25 to 35, of any nationality, to apply for the fourth edition of the WiSER Pioneers Program....
AIWF congratulates Board Member Chiara Corazza on her appointment to the Order of the Star of Italy
The AIWF Chairman and Board extend their warmest congratulations to our valued Board Member Chiara Corazza who has been appointed an Officer of the...
AIWF proud to support Schwarzman Scholars’ MENA outreach for qualified scholarship candidates
In 2019 AIWF was invited to support Schwarzman Scholars by extending the invitation for qualified candidates from the MENA Region to apply for this...
Chiara Corazza, AIWF Board Member, appointed as Special Delegate to the G7 and G20
The Chairman and Board of the Arab International Women’s Forum are proud to congratulate our valued Board Member Chiara Corazza on her recently ...
AIWF and WISER jointly host ‘Women Entrepreneurs in the Green Economy’ virtual event
On 31 March AIWF was proud to partner with #WiSER, an initiative of Masdar (Abu Dhabi Future Energy Company), for a virtual panel on ‘Women...
Dr Afnan Al Shuaiby participates in female entrepreneurship webinar event hosted by George Washington University
AIWF Chairman Dr. Afnan Alshuaiby recently participated in an all Arab female panel discussion with entrepreneurs who built and grew their different b...
AIWFxWiSER Announce Virtual Event Collaboration: Women Entrepreneurs in The Green Economy
A joint event as part of the WiSER Wisdom SeriesQ1 track on Sustainability and the Future of Work and the AIWF Impact Series2021in the...
AIWF partners with QS on ‘Inclusive Education’ session as part of MAPLE 2021 Conference
On 24 March 2021 AIWF led a key session on ‘Inclusive Education’ at QS Quacquarelli Symonds MAPLE 2021 on the future of higher education...
AIWF and WiSER sign MoU to drive female participation in sustainability
The Arab International Women’s Forum (AIWF) and Women in Sustainability, Environment and Renewable Energy (WiSER), one of Masdar’s outreach platfo...
Celebrating 20 Years of the Arab International Women’s Forum
On International Women’s Day 2021, AIWF President & Founder Haifa Fahoum Al Kaylani reflects on two decades of leadership of AIWF and her commit...
PepsiCo launches the Rania Rizk Young Arab Women Leaders Scholarship
Tertiary education in law through the University of Paris will be funded by the PepsiCo Foundation in memory of former Chief Legal Officer Rania...
What’s Cooking: Digital Transformation of the Agri-food System
AIWF and the World Bank collaborated on 24 February 2021 on a key virtual event of the AIWF 2021 Program, ‘What’s Cooking: Digital Transformat...
Haifa Al Kaylani appointed President & Founder of AIWF; Dr Afnan Al Shuaiby appointed Chair of the Board of AIWF
On the 14th December 2020 there was a Board meeting of the Arab International Women’s Forum (‘AIWF’). The meeting was held to discuss the...
Saudi Women’s Leadership & Economic Inclusion: Driving the SDG Agenda to 2030
A month after the G20 Summit was held in Riyadh, marking the first time the Summit has convened in an Arab State, AIWF held...
Building Back Better: Fostering the transition to a green economy
Building Back Better: Fostering the transition to a green economy On 25 November 2020 AIWF brought leaders in sustainability and the green economy tog...
AIWF Chairman delivers Keynote Address at the ULC Thought Leadership Series Roundtable on ‘Upskilling and Reskilling’ to ensure a sustainable future for youth
AIWF Chairman Haifa Al Kaylani addressed the University Leadership Council’s Thought Leadership Series held virtually on 05 November, during a key s...
Humanising Energy: Examining the human dimension of and the need for sustainable energy
A key session in AIWF’s virtual programme, Humanising Energy, was held in early November, welcoming Dr Angela Wilkinson, Secretary General & CEO...
AIWF Chairman Haifa Al Kaylani contributes video message of support for EFE’s #Work4Women campaign
With thanks to Jasmine Nahhas di Florio, Senior Vice President for Strategy, Partnerships & Communications, Education for Employment, for her kind...
AIWF Chairman Haifa Al Kaylani participates on a key panel of the T20 Summit on women’s economic inclusion
AIWF Founder & Chairman Haifa Al Kaylani was invited to participate on a high-level panel discussion of the T20 Summit, Women’s Engagement, Empo...
The Future of Work in the MENA Region: What will the future Arab workforce look like for women and young people?
Pivotal themes of job creation, women’s economic and entrepreneurial engagement, and youth empowerment were greatly aligned with a key webinar event...
25 Years after the Barcelona Process: The UfM on Women & Inclusive, Sustainable Development in the MENA Region
In recognition of the 25th anniversary of the Barcelona Process, AIWF focused in early October on the situation and opportunities for countries in the...
Gender equality at home and at work to unlock the MENA’s full economic potential: AIWF partners with AMAR and IBBC on key webinar initiative
In September, at the kind invitation of Baroness Nicholson, Chair of the AMAR Foundation, President of the Iraq-British Business Council (IBBC), and...
Recovering from the Dual Shock of COVID-19 and the Oil Price Drop & Workforce of the Future: The Competing Forces Shaping 2030
With resilience of the economy and the challenges of the future labour market in mind, AIWF proudly collaborated with our Global Partner PwC Middle...
AIWF Chairman delivers Closing Keynote on Women as Engines of Economic Growth at QS MAPLE 2020
In September 2020, AIWF Chairman Haifa Al Kaylani delivered the Closing Remarks for the QS MAPLE Virtual Conference and joined a key panel on...
Building Resilience to Counter Unexpected Shocks: The OECD Response to the Gender Impact of the Covid-19 Crisis in the MENA
The Arab International Women’s Forum continued its well-attended programme of virtual events into September with another key session, Building Resil...
Women on the Frontline in the Fight Against COVID-19 and Beyond: In partnership with Pfizer
In partnership with Global Partner Pfizer, AIWF was proud to follow up the substantive World Bank session with a key discussion titled Women on...
The Role of the World Bank in Coordinating Responses to Economic Challenges Aggravated by COVID-19 in the Mashreq Region
The AIWF Webinar Series 2020 launched in July with an inaugural webinar, The Role of the World Bank in Coordinating Responses to Economic Challenges.....
The Chairman and Board of AIWF congratulate Dr Shaikha Al Maskari, eminent business leader, philanthropist and AIWF Board Member, on her retirement
The AIWF Board wish to extend their warmest wishes and appreciation to longstanding AIWF Board Member Dr Shaikha Al Maskari who has announced her...
Dr Zeina Obeid, AIWF nominee for the Annual Bucerius Summer School on Global Governance, selected for prestigious annual programme
In early 2020 AIWF was invited, for the eighth consecutive year, to nominate a talented candidate to participate in the 20th Annual Bucerius Summer...
AIWF congratulates Tamara Bou Chahine on recent graduation and internship with UN OHCHR on refugees
With thanks to Tamara Bou Chahine “You can’t build a peaceful world on empty stomachs and human misery,” wrote Dr Norman Borlaug, father of the...
AIWF represented by Board Member Dr Afnan Al Shuaiby at the 39th Session of the Arab Women’s Committee Meeting in Riyadh in February 2020
The Arab International Women’s Forum was represented at the 39th Session of the Arab Women’s Committee and Regional Preparatory Meeting for the 64...
AIWF nominee Lina Abojaradeh from Jordan selected for Schwarzman Scholars
In 2019 AIWF was invited to support Schwarzman Scholars with their selection process for the fifth cohort and enlisted the support of Injaz in...
AIWF participates at the First Joint ESCWA-UNCTAD-OECD Competition Forum in January 2020 in Beirut
AIWF was proud to be represented by valued Board Member Hanan Saab at the First Joint ESCWA-UNCTAD-OECD Competition Forum for the Arab Region, held...
AIWF Chairman attends the Arab-Chinese Women’s Forum in Riyadh highlighting the role of the non-profit sector in empowering women’s leadership
In December 2019, the Chairman of the Arab International Women’s Forum Haifa Al Kaylani attended the 3rd edition of the Arab-Chinese Women’s F...
AIWF publishes Special Report & Recommendations emerging from high-level conference on Women as Engines of Economic Growth in Cairo
On 11 November 2019, following the highly successful conference in Cairo in September 2019 on Women as Engines of Economic Growth, AIWF launched a...
AIWF congratulates Mona Al Moayyad, valued AIWF Board Member, on her appointment to the Bahrain Shura Council
The Board of the Arab International Women’s Forum extends its warmest congratulations to Mona Al Moayyed, valued AIWF Board Member and Managing Dire...
AIWF congratulates Board Member Dr Alanoud Alsharekh on her recognition as one of the BBC’s 100 Women of 2019
The Board of the Arab International Women’s Forum congratulates Dr Alanoud Alsharekh, valued AIWF Board Member, Director & Consulting Partner at...
AIWF’s ‘Women as Engines of Economic Growth’ Conference brings global women leaders together in Cairo and sets a new standard for mainstreaming women’s leadership
The Arab International Women’s Forum is proud to share that its major conference Women as Engines of Economic Growth: Empowering women innovators, e...
AIWF congratulates Eugene Williamsen on his appointment as CEO of AIWF Benefactor Partner PepsiCo
The Chairman and Board of the Arab International Women’s Forum extend their warmest congratulations to Eugene Willemsen on his appointment as Chief ...
AIWF participates at 2019 Gender & Growth Policy Forum at Chatham House on Shaping the Future We Want
AIWF Chairman Haifa Fahoum Al Kaylani was a key panel speaker at the 2019 Gender and Growth Policy Forum held at Chatham House in...
AIWF Chairman delivers Keynote Address at the ABCC Arab British Economic Summit 2019: A Shared Vision in London
AIWF Founder & Chairman Haifa Al Kaylani delivered a keynote address and participated on a key panel at the Arab British Chamber of Commerce...
AIWF launches Special Report & Recommendations emerging from high-level conference on Women Leaders & Health held in Beirut in April 2019
In June 2019, following the highly successful conference in Beirut on Women Leaders & Health, AIWF was proud to launch a Special Report which...
AIWF Chairman delivers Guest of Honour Keynote Address at the American University of Beirut FAFS Graduating Class of 2019 Ceremony
On 27 May 2019, AIWF Chairman Haifa Al Kaylani was delighted to address the Graduating Class of 2019 of the Faculty of Agricultural and...
AIWF holds highly successful Women Leaders & Health Conference in Lebanon in April 2019 in partnership with the University of Massachusetts Medical School and the American University of Beirut
On 16-17 April 2019, the Arab International Women’s Forum was proud to hold a high-level Conference in partnership with the University of Massachuse...
Towards A Just and Equitable Future of Work in Jordan: AIWF Chairman delivers keynote presentation at the ILO Summit in Amman to mark Centenary of the ILO
AIWF Founder & Chairman Haifa Al Kaylani was honoured to join the International Labour Organization and its partners in Jordan on 11 April 2019...
AIWF celebrates International Women’s Day 2019 with a Special Reception in London officially launching the AIWF 2019 Annual Programme
“On behalf of the Board of AIWF, I take this opportunity to extend my warmest wishes to all women advocates, our partners in the...
AIWF Board Member Dr Shaikha Al Maskari honoured with 2019 UAE Federal Personality Award and IOD Golden Peacock Award for Lifetime Achievement
AIWF Board Member Her Excellency Dr Shaikha Al Maskari, Chairperson of Al Maskari Holding (AMH), Emirates & Al Maskari Holdings, and Tricon Energy...
AIWF Board Member Dr Alanoud Al Sharekh participates as a key speaker on collaborative advocacy at the Milken MENA Summit in Dubai
AIWF Board Member Dr Alanoud Alsharekh was a key speaker at the Milken MENA Summit held in Dubai on 13 February 2019, joining a...
AIWF Chairman participates as key speaker at World Government Summit in Dubai on the Future of Work and Lifelong Learning
As a Commissioner on the ILO Commission on the Future of Work and as Founder & Chairman of AIWF, Haifa Al Kaylani was honoured...
AIWF Chairman attends the Center for Mediterranean Integration 10th Annual Meeting in Paris in January 2019
Haifa Al Kaylani, AIWF Founder & Chairman, attended the Center for Mediterranean Integration’s 10th Annual Meeting which took place in Paris, Fr...
AIWF Chairman Haifa Al Kaylani in Geneva for the official launch of the ILO Report on the Future of Work
On 22 January 2019, AIWF Chairman Haifa Al Kaylani joined the Commissioners and senior leadership of the International Labour Organization in Geneva f...
AIWF Chairman participates at high-level World Bank Mashreq Empowerment Summit in Lebanon
AIWF Chairman Haifa Al Kaylani and AIWF Board Member Hanan Saab had the honour and pleasure of attending the World Bank Mashreq Women’s Economic...
AIWF Chairman attends the Global Thinkers Forum Excellence Awards Gala in London honouring leading female minds in governance, leadership and lifetime achievement
AIWF Founder & Chairman Haifa Al Kaylani attended the Global Thinkers Forum 6th Awards for Excellence Gala on 06 December 2018 under the theme...
AIWF publishes official Report & Recommendations emerging from high-level conference on Women, Water & Youth held in Amman in September 2018
In December 2018, AIWF was proud to announce the official publication of the flagship Report & Recommendations which documents the high-level and ...
Haifa Al Kaylani receives the Golden Shield of Excellence Award in Cairo during Arab Women Council Annual Regional Forum on Social Responsibility
Haifa Fahoum Al Kaylani, was honoured and recognised with the 2018 Outstanding Golden Shield Award for Advanced Leadership presented by the Arab Women...
‘Bridging Humanity for Inclusive Progress’: AIWF Board Member Chiara Corazza chairs another highly successful Women’s Forum Global Meeting in Paris
AIWF Board Member and Managing Director of the Women’s Forum for the Economy & Society Chiara Corazza chaired the Women’s Forum Global Meeting...
AIWF Chairman Haifa Al Kaylani delivers keynote address at the German-Arab Business Women Leaders Summit in Munich in October 2018
AIWF Founder & Chairman Haifa Al Kaylani attended the German-Arab Business Women Leaders Summit (GABWL-Summit) in Munich held on 15-17 October 201...
AIWF submits second Communication on Engagement to UN Global Compact
AIWF, an NGO Global Member of the UN Global Compact, submitted its second Communication on Engagement in September 2018, pledging to honour and uphold...
AIWF hosts high-level Special Reception in Beirut honouring Saroj Kumar Jha, Regional Director of the Mashreq Region, the World Bank
The AIWF Special Reception in Lebanon examined critical economic reform programmes announced at the recent CEDRE Conference held in Paris with a focus...
AIWF Chairman Haifa Al Kaylani participates in third ILO Commission Meeting in Geneva in May 2018
The Global Commission on the Future of Work, on which AIWF Chairman Haifa Al Kaylani is proud to serve as a Commissioner following her...
‘Energising Economies’: AIWF Board Member Raghda Kurdi attends EBRD 2018 Annual Meeting and Business Forum in Amman in May 2018
AIWF Board Member Raghda Kurdi, Member of the Board of Directors, Hayat Pharmaceutical Industries, Jordan, attended the European Bank for Reconstructi...
AIWF Global Partner NAMA and Global Thinkers Forum to support 100 women to become Business and Community Leaders by 2020
Sharjah’s NAMA Women Advancement Establishment (NAMA), an AIWF Global Partner, and the London-based international organisation Global Thinkers Forum...
‘When Women Lean In, Economies Win’: AIWF proud to announce continued partnership for the German-Arab Women Business Leaders Summit to be held in October 2018 in Munich
AIWF is delighted to announce its continued partnership with the German-Arab Women Business Leaders Summit to be held on 15-17 October 2018 in Munich,...
Women’s Economic Empowerment Global Summit (WEEGS) hosted in Sharjah by AIWF Global Partner NAMA in collaboration with UN Women
Heba Al Emara, Associate Director, Head of Middle East Relations for Vistra, an AIWF Global Partner, moderated a key panel on ‘Financial Innovations...
AIWF holds 10th successful Young Arab Women Leaders conference on ‘Women Led Innovation in STEM’ at the Royal Academy of Engineering in London
The Arab International Women’s Forum (AIWF) held a highly successful 10th edition of the Young Arab Women Leaders conference series on 11 December 2...
AIWF Institutional Partner, Pearl Initiative, Honours HRH Prince of Wales with ‘Champion of Sustainability’ Award
AIWF Institutional Partner The Pearl Initiative, the leading Gulf business-led non-profit organisation working on corporate governance, conferred The ...
Haifa Al Kaylani completes Harvard Advanced Leadership Initiative Fellowship with a special concluding programme and certificate ceremony at Harvard University
AIWF is proud to announce that in November 2017, Haifa Al Kaylani, Founder & Chairman of the Arab International Women’s Forum, completed her yea...
AIWF congratulates the Arab British Chamber of Commerce on its 40th Anniversary celebrations in the presence of London’s diplomatic corps and influential members of the Arab and British business communities
AIWF Institutional Partner the Arab British Chamber of Commerce celebrated a special 40 year milestone with a Gala Dinner event held at the Banqueting...
Engage for Impact: AIWF proud to support the Women’s Forum Global Meeting in Paris in October 2017
‘Engage for Impact! Daring to lead in a disrupted world’ was the ambitious theme of the Women’s Forum for the Economy & Society 13th...
AIWF represented at Global Thinkers Forum House of Commons event by Dr Enass Abo Hamed, CEO & Co-Founder, H2GO Power and University of Cambridge Energy Champion 2017
AIWF was represented by Dr Enass Abo Hamed, CEO & Co-Founder, H2GO Power, University of Cambridge Energy Champion 2017 and Royal Academy of Engine...
AIWF represented at the MENA-OCED Women’s Economic Empowerment Forum in Cairo by AIWF Board Member and former World Bank Advisor Nadereh Chamlou and Dr Ghada Howaidy, Executive Director of AUC School of Business
Delegates from 22 countries and 12 international organizations gathered in Cairo on 7 – 8 October 2017 to witness the launch of the MENA-OECD...
AIWF and the IBA host third successful Women Business Lawyers Seminar in London in September 2017 in partnership with AIWF Global Partner Boodle Hatfield
Deeply committed to its joint mission of advancing gender diversity in the legal profession, AIWF and the International Bar Association (IBA) hosted a...
Haifa Fahoum Al Kaylani, Founder & Chairman of the Arab International Women’s Forum, appointed to the ILO Global Commission on the Future of Work
“My appointment to the ILO Global Commission represents an important opportunity for all of us who are deeply committed within AIWF and our network....
AIWF proudly supports the ‘I Am’ East-West peace building art initiative and exhibition held in London in July and August 2017
AIWF is delighted to announce that it is a Programme Sponsor of the I AM exhibition in London (03 July – 20 August 2017),...
AIWF Special Visit to Morocco: A unique business and networking delegation
Following the highly successful AIWF Special Visit to Italy in March 2016, and further to an exciting invitation received from the MEC Maghreb Invest....
9th Young Arab Women Leaders Conference held in Morocco with the valued support of PepsiCo and in continued partnership with PwC Middle East
The 9th Young Arab Women Leaders conference in Morocco aimed to recognise and celebrate the contribution of Moroccan businesswomen whilst inspiring th...
AIWF Board Member Dr Alanoud Alsharekh awarded the National Order of Merit in France
Dr Alanoud Alsharekh, AIWF Board Member and Consulting Partner, Ibtkar Strategic Consulting, was awarded the knighthood of the National Order of Merit...
AIWF Board Member Hanan Saab appointed Jury President for Middle East & North Africa for the Cartier Women’s Initiative Awards 2017
AIWF Board Member Hanan Saab, CEO & Managing Director of Pharmamed (Hanan Akram Saab & Co) SAL, Lebanon, was appointed President of the Jury.....
AIWF represented at the Union for the Mediterranean Regional Forum in Barcelona
Heba Al Emara, UK Head of Relations EMEA, Vistra Services, UK At the kind invitation of the Arab International Women’s Forum, it was a...
AIWF proud to support London Middle East Institute on the special occasion of the SOAS Centenary Lecture by HRH Princess Widjan Al Hashemi
AIWF was delighted to extend its full support to the London Middle East Institute at SOAS, University of London, on its SOAS Centenary Lecture,...
AIWF proud to support London Middle East Institute on the special occasion of the SOAS Centenary Lecture by HRH Princess Widjan Al Hashemi
AIWF was delighted to extend its full support to the London Middle East Institute at SOAS, University of London, on its SOAS Centenary Lecture,...
AIWF Founder & Chairman Haifa Fahoum Al Kaylani joins Harvard Advanced Leadership Initiative for 2017
It is with great pride that the Board of the Arab International Women’s Forum announces that Haifa Fahoum Al Kaylani, AIWF Founder Chairman, joins.....
AIWF Founder Board Member Sheikha Lubna Al Qasimi delivers keynote address at UN Secretary General’s High Level Panel on Women’s Empowerment in Dubai
AIWF Founder Board Member, Her Excellency Sheikha Lubna Al Qasimi, UAE Cabinet Member and Minister of State for Tolerance, was a keynote speaker at...
AIWF represented at Arab Women Organisation 6th Annual Conference in Cairo
Marianne Abou El Kheir, AIWF Member, Global Partner and Sub-Saharan Africa Director at Janssen, Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson Sub-...
8th Young Arab Women Leaders: The Voice of the Future Conference held in Kuwait with the valued support of the Kuwait Ministry of State for Youth Affairs and in continued partnership with PwC Middle East
Following on from the success of the ‘Young Arab Women Leaders: The Voice of the Future’ conferences in Amman, Beirut and Dubai in 2012,...
AIWF hosts Special Luncheon in Honour of Her Highness Sheikha Jawaher Bint Mohammed Al Qasimi in London
On Wednesday 27 July 2016, the AIWF was honored to welcome Her Highness Sheikha Jawaher Bint Mohammed Al Qasimi, Wife of His Highness the...
AIWF and Sharjah Business Women Council: Partnership for Innovation in Entrepreneurship AIWF and the Sharjah Business Women Council (SBWC)
Under the patronage of Her Highness Sheikha Jawaher Bint Mohammed Al Qasimi, Wife of His Highness the Ruler of Sharjah, UAE, Chairperson of Nama...
AIWF celebrates 15th Anniversary with a Special Reception and Gala Concert at Kensington Palace
The AIWF 15th Anniversary Celebration and Gala Concert took place on Tuesday 26 April 2016 at Kensington Palace in London, from 7 pm –...
AIWF Special Visit to Italy and High-Level Seminar on Women’s Talent for Innovation
In March 2016, AIWF organised a networking and business trip to Tabiano, Italy, that brought together 50 Arab businesswomen leaders with their Italian...
AIWF / IBA Women Business Lawyers Initiative Conference held in Beirut, Lebanon
After a very successful inaugural conference in Jordan in October 2015 within the framework of AIWF’s new alliance with the International Bar Associ...
AIWF – ABCC Get Together Reception held in London
The Arab International Women’s Forum and the Arab-British Chamber of Commerce Joint Reception was held at the Chamber’s Headquarters at 43 Upper ...
7th AIWF Young Arab Women Leaders: The Voice of the Future Conference Doha, Qatar
AIWF was proud to hold its first ever Conference in Doha, Qatar entitled Young Arab Women Leaders – The Voice of the Future on...
AIWF / IBA Women Business Lawyers Initiative Conference in Amman, Jordan
AIWF was proud to partner with the International Bar Association and the Arab Women’s Legal Network to host the Conference Jordanian Women in Legal....
Connecting the Next Generation of Young Arab Women Leaders, London, United Kingdom
The AIWF 2014 Programme culminated with the 6th Young Arab Women Leaders conference on Oct 24 entitled ‘Connecting the Next Generation of Young Arab...
Building Bridges, Building Business between the City of London, the Arab World & the International Community, London, United Kingdom
The AIWF Official Gala Dinner part of the three day programme was held at the Mansion House on Oct 23 under the theme ‘Building...
From Partnership to Prosperity: Women in the Arab World, the UK & the International Community, City of London, United Kingdom
The AIWF Annual Conference for 2014 entitled ‘From Partnership to Prosperity: Women in the Arab World, the United Kingdom and the International Comm...
AIWF Get-Together and Reception Hosted by Fattal Group in cooperation with PwC, Beirut, Lebanon
The Arab International Women’s Forum was delighted to welcome AIWF Lebanese Chapter Members, Partners and key contacts to a first Get Together and ...
Signing of Memorandum of understanding between AIWF and the Pearl Initiative to promote women through the ranks to senior management and board roles
The Arab International Women’s Forum has signed a Memorandum of Understanding with the Pearl Initiative, the GCC-based, private sector-led, not-for-...